Young psychoactive substance users exhibit high-risk behaviours such as unprotected sexual intercourse, and sharing needles and syringes, which increases their risk of Hepatitis B infection. Access to Vaccination among Disadvantaged, More innovative strategies need to be deployed to improve vaccination coverage among disadvantaged groups. Overall, interventions specific to target communities are vital to improving uptake. Strategies that could be implemented in vaccination policy and programs were also identified. Factors that influenced uptake, which presented differently at different population levels, included health service accessibility, language and vaccine literacy, including risk perception, disease severity and vaccination benefits. Vaccination coverage was lower among study populations compared to the general population or national average. Recall of previous vaccinations received was poor, and serology was conducted in some cases to confirm protection for those who received prior vaccinations. Nine groups representing the populations of interest were identified, and most of the studies focused on asylum seekers, refugees, migrants and deprived communities. Initial searches yielded 18,109 publications from four databases, and 104 studies from 19 out of 53 countries reporting 22 vaccine-preventable diseases were included. This review provides an overview of critical factors associated with vaccination among disadvantaged groups in World Health Organisation European countries. However, limited vaccine access and hesitancy among specific communities represent significant obstacles to this goal. High vaccination coverage rates are required to achieve herd protection against vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality.
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